Association between smoking and dopamine receptor D2 polymorphisms in male patients with schizophrenia / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the association between dopamine receptor D2(DRD2) polymorphisms and smoking in male patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 773 patients with schizophrenia (567 smokers and 206 non-smokers) and 302 normal controls (168 smokers and 134 non-smokers) were recruited.The two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1800497 and rs1079597) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RELP).SHEsis genetic analysis platform was used to calculate linkage disequilibrium index and infer allele distribution and haplotype frequency.Results:There was no significant difference in two SNPs genotype and allele distributions between the patients and normal controls or between smokers and non-smokers in either patients or normal controls alone (Ps ＞ 0.05);the frequency estimations of haplotype C-A and T-G in patients with schizophrenia were higher than in normal controls (8.0％ vs.5.2％,10.2％ vs.4.1％,Ps ＜0.05),T-A (34.6％ vs.40.2％,P ＜0.05),whereas the frequency estimation of haplotype T-A in patients with schizophrenia was lower than in normal controls,and all the differences were statistically significant (34.6％ vs.40.2％,P ＜ 0.05).It was also observed that the frequency estimation of haplotype T-A in normal smokers was significantly lower than in normal non-smokers (2.5％ vs.6.1％,P ＜0.05).Conclusion:There may be a correlation between DRD2 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to schizophrenia,but not between DRD2 polymorphisms and smoking neither in patients with schizophrenia nor in normal controls.

Analysis of pathogens and antibacterial spectrum of meningtis and/or bacteremia after trans-sphenoidal pituitary adenomectomies / 基础医学与临床

Objective To evaluate the incidence and microbiology profile of infectious complications ( namely menin-gitis and/or bacteremia ) after trans-sphenoidal pituitary adenomectomies ( TSPA ) .Methods All hospitalized patients undergoing TSPA in Dept .Neurosurgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital ( PUMC) between January 2012 and December 2016 were retrospective recorded .Results The incidence of postoperative meningitis and/or bacteremia was 1.2%( 59/5098) .27 cases of meningitis were documented for a total of 41 isolates, 26 cases of bacteremia for 34 isolates, and 6 cases of coinfection.Gram-positive organisms predominated (27 cases, 65.9%) in meningitis, among which Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the main isolates (14 cases).The most common organisms causing bacteremia were Gram-negative organisms (25 case,73.5%),including Klebsiella pneu-monia ( 9 cases ) , Enterobacter aerogenes ( 7 cases ) and Escherichia coli ( 5 cases ) , all of which were sensitive to amikacin, imipenem and meropenem .Fifty-two patients were cured after antibiotic treatment , whereas 7 died.The morality in patients with meningitis was relatively lower than those with bacteremia (21.2%vs 3.1%,P<0.001). Conclusions Postoperative meningitis and/or bacteremia can occur after TSPA .They differ in etiology profile and prognosis , and should be treated with proper antibiotics according to the drug resistance .

Impaired prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in Chinese patients with first-episode, medication-naïve schizophrenia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Patients with schizophrenia have prominent abnormality in information processing that can be observed by measures of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex and PPI deficits have been considered as a candidate endophenotypic marker of schizophrenia. However, there has been little information on PPI and related measures in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The research was to explore the deficits of acoustic startle reflex that might exist in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Startle response to acoustic stimuli, habituation, and PPI were examined in 31 Chinese patients with first-episode, medication-naïve schizophrenia and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy Chinese controls. At the same day of startle testing, psychopathological symptoms of the patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with healthy controls, patients exhibited the significant reduction in startle response and PPI deficits at 60 milliseconds (ms) intervals (PPI60, P < 0.05) but not at 30 or 120 ms intervals. Furthermore, there was a relatively strong correlation between PPI60 (P < 0.05) and scores of positive scale of PANSS in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings confirmed impaired PPI in Chinese patients with schizophrenia and suggested that a relationship between sensorimotor gating deficits and clinical symptoms of patients with schizophrenia might exist.</p>